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PART III
Safety
Lifting Appliances and Gear,
40.
Construction and maintenance of lifting appliances
(1) General.
All lifting
appliance, including all parts and working gear thereof, whether fixed or
moveable, and any plant or gear used in anchoring of fixing such appliance,
shall be:
(a) of good
construction, sound material, adequate strength for the purpose for which it
is used and free from patent defect; and
(b) maintained in
good repair and working order.
(2) Drums.
(a) Every drum or
pulley round which the rope of any lifting appliances is carried, shall be of
adequate diameter and construction In relation to the rope used.
(b) Any rope which
terminates at the winding drum of a lifting appliances shall be securely
attached to the drum and at least three dead turns of the rope shall remain
on the drum in every operating position of the lifting appliance.
(c) The flange of the
drum should project twice the rope diameter beyond the last layer and if this
height is not available, other measures such as anti-slackness guards shall
be provided to prevent the rope from coming off the drum.
(3) Brakes.
Every lifting
appliances shall be provided with an efficient brake or brakes which shall-
(a) be capable of
preventing fall of a suspended lead (Including any test load applied in
accordance with these regulations) and of effectively controlling a load
while it is being lowered;
(b) act without
shock;
(c) have shoes that
can be easily removed for relining; and
(d) be provided with
simple and easily accessible means of adjustment:
Provided that this
regulation shall not apply to steam winch which, can be so operated that the
winch is as safe as it would be if a brake or brakes were provided in
accordance with this regulation.
(4) Controls.
Controls of lifting
appliance shall,-
(a) be so situated
that the driver at his stand or seat has ample room for operating and has an
unrestricted view of dock work, as far as practicable, and remains clear of
the load and ropes, and that no load passes over him;
(b) be positioned
with due regard to ergonometric considerations for easy operation;
(c) be so located
that the driver does not have to remain in the bright of the heel block;
(d) have upon them or
adjacent to them clear markings to Indicate their purpose and mode of
operation;
(e) be provided,
where necessary, with a suitable locking device to prevent accidental
movement or displacement;
(f) as far as
practicable, move in the direction of the resultant load movement; and
(g) automatically
come to a neutral position in case of power failure wherever automatic brakes
are provided.
41.
Test and periodical examination of lifting appliances.-
(1) Before being
taken into use for the first time or after It has undergone any alternations
or repairs liable to affect its strength or stability and also once at least
in every five years, all lifting appliances including all parts and gears
thereof, whether fixed or moveable, shall be tested and examined by a
competent person in the manner set out In Schedule I.
(2) All lifting
appliances shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person once at least
In every 12 months. Where the competent person making this examination forms
the opinion that the lifting appliance cannot continue to function safely, he
shall forthwith give notice in writing of his opinion to the owner of the
lifting appliance or in case of lifting appliance carried on board a ship not
registered in India, to the Master or
officer-in-charge of the ship.
(3) Thorough
examination for the purpose of this regulation shall mean a visual
examination, supplemented if necessary by other means such as hammer test,
carried out as carefully as the conditions permit, in order to arrive at a
reliable conclusion as to the safety of the parts examined; and if necessary
for this purpose, parts of the lifting appliance and gear, shall be
dismantled.
42.
Automatic safe load indicators.-
(1) Every crane, if
so constructed that the safe working load may be varied by raising or
lowering of the jib or otherwise, shall have attached to it an automatic
indicator of safe working loads which shall also give a warning to the
operator wherever the safe working load is exceeded.
(2) Cut-out shall be
provided which automatically arrests the movement of the lifting parts of the
crane in the event of the load exceeding the safe working load wherever
possible.
(3)The provisions of
sub-regulation (1) shall not apply where it is not possible to instal an
automatic safe load indicator, in which case, provision on the crane of a table
showing the safe working loads at the corresponding inclinations or radii of
the jib shall be considered sufficient compliance.
43.
Rigging of ship's derricks.-
(l) Every ship shall
carry the current and relevant rigging plans and any other relevant information
necessary for the safe rigging of its derricks and necessary gear.
(2) All such rigging
plans shall be certified by a competent person.
44.
Securing of derrick foot.-
Appropriate measures
shall be taken to prevent the foot of a derrick being lifted out of its
socket or supports.
45.
Winches.-
(1) General
(a) Winches shall not
be used if control levers to operate with excessive friction or excessive
play.
(b) Double gear
winches shall not be used unless a positive means of locking the gear shift is
provided.
(c) When changing
gears on a two gear winch, there shall be no load other than the fall and the
cargo hock assembly on the winch.
(d) Adequate
protection shall be provided to winch operator against the weather, where
necessary.
(e) Temporary seats
and shelters for winch operators which create a hazard to the winch operator
or other dock workers shall not be allowed to be used.
(f) When winchs are
left unattended, control levers shall be secured in the neutral position and
whenever possible, the power shall be shut off.
(2) Steam winches
In every steam winch
used in dock work,-
(a) measures shall be
taken to prevent escaping steam, from obscuring any part of the decks or
other work places or from otherwise hindering or injuring any dock worker;
(b) extension control
levers which tend to fall of their own weight shall be counter-balanced;
(c) except for short
handles on wheel type controls, winch operations shall not be permitted to
use the winch control extension levers unless they are provided by either the
ship or the employer and such levers shall be of adequate strength and secure
and fastened with metal connections at the fulcrum and at the permanent
control lever.
(3) Electric winches
(a) In case of any
defect, dock workers shall not be permitted to transfer with or adjust
electric control circuits.
(b) Electric wireless
shall be used for dock work in case where,-
(i) the
electro-magnetic brake is unable to hold the load; and
(ii) one or more
control points, either hoisting or lowering is not operating properly.
46.
construction and maintenance of loose gears.-
(1) Every loose gear
shall be
(a) of good design
and construction, sound material and adequate strength for the purpose for
which it is used and free from patent defects and,
(b) properly
maintained in good repair and working order.
(2) Components of the
loose gear shall be renewed if one of the dimensions at any point has
decreased by 10 per cent. or more by user.
(3) (a) Chains shall
be withdrawn from use when stretched and increased in length exceeds five per
cent, or when a link of the chain deformed or otherwise damaged or raised
scarfs of defective welds appeared.
(b) Rings hooks,
swivels and end links attached to chains shall be of the same material as
that of the chains.
(4) The voltage of
electric supply to any magnetic lifting device shall not fluctuate by more
than + 10 per cent.
47.
Test and periodical examination of loose gears.-
(1) All loose gears
shall be initially tested for the manufacturer by a competent person, in a
manner set-out in Schedule-I before taking into use or after undergoing any
substantial alternations or renders to any part liable to affect its safety
and shall subsequently be retested for the owner of the gear, at least in
every five years.
(2) All loose gears
shall be thoroughly examined once at least in every twelve months by a
competent person. In addition chains shall be thoroughly examined once at
least every month by a responsible person.
48.
Ropes.-
(1) No rope shall be
used for dock work unless:-
(a) it is of suitable
quality and free from patent defect, and
(b) in the case of
wire rope, it has been tested and examined by a competent person in the
manner set out in Schedule I.
(2) Every wire rope
of lifting appliance or loose gear used in dock work shall be inspected by a
responsible person once at least in every three months, provided that after
any wire has broken in such rope, it shall be inspected once at least in
every month.
(3) No wire rope
shall be used in dock work if in any length of eight diameters the total
number of visible broken wires exceed 10 per cent. of the total number of
wires or the rope shows sign of excessive wear, corrosion or other defects
which in the opinion of the person who inspects it or Inspector, renders it
as unfit for use.
(4) Eye splices and
loops for the attachment of hooks, rings and other such parts to wire ropes
shall be made with suitable thimble.
(5) A thimble or loop
splice made in any wire rope shall conform to the following standard,-
(a) wire rope or rope
sling shall have at least three tucks with full strand of rope and two tucks
with one-half of the wires cut out of each strand and strands in all cases
shall be tucked against the lay of the rope;
(b) protruding ends
of strands in any salice on wire rope and rope slings shall be covered or
treated so as to leave no sharp points;
(c) fibre rope or
rope sling shall have at least four tucks tail of such tuck being whipped in
a suitable manner; and
(d) synthetic fibre
rope or rope sling shall have at least four tucks with full strand followed
by further tuck with one-half filaments cut-out of each strand and final tuck
with one-half of the remaining filaments, cut-out from trends. The portion of
the splices containing the tucks with the reduced number of filaments shall
be securely covered with suitable tape or other materials: Provided that this
sub-regulation shall not operate to prevent the use of another form of splice
which can be shown to be as efficient as that laid down in this regulation.
49.
Heat treatment of loose gears.-
(1) All chains other
than briddle chains attached to derricks on mass and all rings, hooks,
shackles and swivels used in hoisting or lowering shall, unless they have
been subjected to such treatment as an Inspector may, subject to confirmation
by the Chief Inspector approve, be effectively annealed under supervision of
a competent person and at the following intervals:
(a) 12.5 milimetre
and smaller chains, rings, hooks, shackles and swivels in general use, once
at least in every six months; and
(b) all other chains,
rings, hooks, shackles and swivels in general use, once at least in every
twelve months:
Provided that in the
case of such gear used solely on cranes and other hoisting appliances worked
by hand twelve months shall be submitted for six months in sub-clause (a) and
two years for twelve months in sub-clause (b):
Provided further that
where an Inspector is of the opinion that owing, to the size, design material
or frequency of use of any such gear or class of such gear, the requirements
of this regulation as to annealing is not necessary for the protection of
dock workers, he may by certificate in writing (which he may at his
discretion revoke) and subject to confirmation by the Chief Inspector exempt
such gear or class of gear from such requirement subject to such conditions
as may be specified in such certificate.
(2) Sub-regulation
(1) shall not apply to;
(i) pitched chains,
working on sprocket of sprocketed wheels;
(ii) rings, hooks and
swivels permanently attached to pirched chain, pulley blocks or weighing
machines; and
(iii) hooks and
swivels having ball bearings or other case hardened parts.
(3) All chains and
loose gears made from high tensile steel or alloy steel be plainly marked
with an approved mark indicating that they are so made. No chain or loose
gear made from high tensile steel or alloy steel shall be subject to any form
of heat treatment except where necessary for the purpose of repair and under
the direction of a competent person.
(4) If the past
history of wrought iron gear is not known or if it is suspected that the gear
has been heat treated at incorrect temperature, it shall be normalised before
using the same for dock work.
50.
Certificate to be issued after actual testing, examination, etc.-
A competent person
shall issue a certificate for the purpose of regulation 41, 47, 48 or 49 only
after actual testing or, as the case may be, examination of the apparatus
specified in the said regulation.
51.
Register of periodical test and examination and certificates thereof.-
(1) A register in
Form II shall be maintained and particulars of test and examination of
lifting appliances and loose gears and heat treatment, as required by
regulations 41, 47 and 49 shall be entered in it,
(2) Certificates
shall be obtained from competent person and attached to the register in Form
II, in respect of the following, in the forms shown against each:
(a) initial and periodical
test and examination under regulations 41 and 47, for-
(i) winches, derricks
and their accessory gear in Form III.
(ii) cranes or hoists
and their accessory gear in Form IV;
(b) test, examination
and re-examination of loose gears under regulation 47 in Form V;
(c) test and
examination of wire ropes under regulation 48 in Form VI;
(d) heat treatment
and examination of loose gears under sub-regulation (1) of regulation 49, in
Form VII;
(e) annual thorough
examination of the loose gears under sub-regulation (2) of regulation 47 in
Form VIII, unless required particulars have been entered in the register in
Form II.
(3) The register and
the certificates attached to the register shall be,-
(a) kept on board the
ship in case of ship's lifting appliances, loose gears and wire ropes;
(b) kept at premises
of the owner in respect of other lifting appliances, loose gear and wire
ropes;
(c) produced on
demand before an Inspector; and
(d) retained for at
least five years after the date of the last entry.
(4) No lifting
appliance and loose gear in respect of which an entry is required to be made
and certificates of test and examination are required to be attached in the
register in Form II, shall be used for dock work unless and until the
required entry has been made in the register and the required certificates
have been so attached.
52.
Marking of safe working load.-
(1) Every lifting
appliance and every item of loose gear shall be clearly marked with its safe
working load and identification mark by stamping or where this is
impracticable, by other suitable means.
(2) (a) Every ship's
derrick (other than derrick crane) shall be clearly marked with its safe
working load when the derrick is used,-
(i) in single
purchase,
(ii) with a lower
cargo block, and
(iii) in union
purchases in all possible block positions;
(b) The lowest angle
to the horizontal, that the derrick may be used, shall also be legibly
marked.
(3) Every lifting
appliance (other than ship's derricks) having more than one safe working load
shall be fitted with effective means enabling the operator to determine the
safe working load under each condition of use.
(4) Means shall be
provided to enable any dock worker using loose gears to ascertain the safe
working load for such loose gears under such conditions as it may be used and
such means shall consists,-
(a) as regards chain
slings, of marking the safe working load in plain figures or letter: upon the
sling or upon a tablet or ring of durable material attached securely thereto;
and
(b) as regards wire
rope slings, either the means specified in CL (a) above or a notice or
notices so exhibited as can be easily read by any concerned, dock worker
stating the safe working load for the various sizes of the wire rope slings
used.
(5) No lifting appliance
or loose gear shall be used unless marked in accordance with the provisions
of this regulation.
53.
Loading of lifting appliances and loose gears.-
(1) No lifting
appliance, loose gear and wire rope shall be used in an unsafe way and in
such a manner as to involve risk to life of dock workers, and, in particular,
shall be loaded beyond its safe working load or loads, except for testing
purposes as given in Schedule I and under the direction of a competent
person.
(2) No lifting
appliance and loose gears or any other cargo handling appliances shall be
used, if-
(a) the Inspector is
not satisfied by reference to a certificate of test or examination or to an
authenticated record maintained as provided under the regulations; and
(b) in the view of
the Inspector, the lifting appliance, loose gear or any other cargo handling
appliance is not safe for use in dock work.
54.
Pulley blocks.-
No pulley blocks
shall be used in dock work unless the safe working load and its
identification marks are clearly stamped upon it.
55.
Vacuum and magnetic lifting device.-
(1) No vacuum or any
other lifting device where the load is held by adhesive power only, be used
while workers are performing operations in the holds.
(2) Any magnetic
lifting device used in connection with dock work shall be provided with an
alternative supply of power, such as batteries, that come into operation
immediately in the event of failure of the main power supply:
Provided that the
provisions under this sub-regulation shall not apply to magnetic lifting
device that is being used to load or unload scrap metal or to other cargo
handling operations of such a nature that there is no dock worker within the
swinging zone of the load.
56.
Knotting of chains and wire ropes.-
No claim or wire rope
shall be used in dock work with a knot in it.
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